从摆脱贫困走向共同富裕:合作社赋能小农户增收的机制与限度

Possibility and Limit of Farmers'Cooperatives Empowering Smallholders to Increase Their Income:Insights from Getting Rid of Poverty to Becoming Rich

构建合作社体系是促进小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接的重要途径。本文构建了一个合作社赋能小农户增收的理论框架,力图阐释合作社通过优化“土地-劳动”适配性赋能小农户增收的作用机制,并从摆脱贫困与实现共同富裕两个维度探讨合作社赋能小农户增收的可能限度。结果表明:(1)合作社能够显著促进小农户增收,但该增收效应存在一定的限度,即合作社具有赋能小农户增收,进而实现脱贫并防止返贫的显著作用,但尚不足以促进小农户实现共同富裕。(2)小农户通过土地流转和劳动时间再配置两种路径优化“土地-劳动”适配性以增加其家庭收入。(3)合作社内部不合理的分利秩序引致小农户增收的机会不平等是合作社赋能小农户有限增收的内在原因。

The construction of farmers'cooperative systems is an important means to promote the organic connection between smallholders and modern agriculture,playing a crucial role in reshaping the dual relationship between"smallholders and large market"and"small production and socialized large production".This paper establishes a theoretical model that integrates smallholders and farmers cooperatives to analyze how farmers'cooperatives can enable smallholders to achieve higher earnings through optimal allocation of production factors.Based on identifying the impact of income increase through farmers cooperatives,it further demonstrates the limitations of farmers'cooperatives in enabling smallholders to increase their income from two perspectives of poverty eradication and common prosperity.The results indicate that:(1)farmers'cooperatives play a significant role in promoting smallholders'income,but the effect of income increase has certain limits,namely,farmers cooperatives have an effective role in achieving poverty alleviation and preventing poverty from returning,but they are not sufficient to promote smallholders to achieve common prosperity.(2)Small farmers face difficulty in obtaining value-added income from farmers'cooperatives.They can only obtain stable land factor income and labor factor income through land transfer and labor time redistribution;(3)More income is intercepted by the cooperatives,leading to unreasonable profit sharing order within the farmers'cooperatives.Therefore,farmers'cooperatives cannot cope with unequal income opportunities for farmers,which is the internal reason why farmers'cooperatives can only empower smallholders to achieve limited income.