氧化铋/聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其X射线防护性能

Preparation and X-ray shielding properties of bismuth oxide/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiber film by electrospinning

为探究氧化铋/聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维膜的制备工艺及其X射线防护性能,以聚乙二醇为分散剂、聚丙烯腈为聚合物,将氧化铋均匀分散到聚合物溶液中,通过静电纺丝技术制备氧化铋/聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维膜,研究氧化铋添加量对纤维膜微观形貌、力学性能及X射线防护性能的影响。结果表明:以氧化铋与聚丙烯腈的质量百分比为160%构筑的前驱体溶液,经静电纺丝并于60℃干燥2 h后可获得颗粒分散均匀、纤维形貌良好的轻质(密度为0.21 g/cm^(3))纳米纤维膜,其在20~120 kV管电压下的X射线衰减效率高于50%,质量衰减系数在20 kV电压下达62.16 cm^(2)/g,具有良好的X射线防护效果,这对无铅、轻质、高屏蔽效率X射线防护材料的发展具有重要意义。

The bismuth oxide/polyacrylonitrile(Bi_(2)O_(3)/PAN)composite nanofiber film was prepared by electrospinning technology to explore the preparation process of the film and its X-ray protection performance.During the preparation process,we took polyethylene glycol(PEG)as dispersant and PAN as polymer,then dispersed Bi_(2)O_(3) into the polymer solution.The effect of Bi_(2)O_(3) content on the morphology,mechanical properties and X-ray protection of the film were investigated.The results indicate that the nanofiber film with light weight(0.21 g/cm^(3) density),uniform particle dispersion and good fiber morphology can be obtained by electrostatic spinning and drying at 60℃for 2 h,at the mass percentage of Bi_(2)O_(3) and PAN of 160%.The nanofiber film has good X-ray protection effect,with X-ray attenuation efficiency above 50%during the tube voltage rising from 20 kV to 120 kV,and the mass attenuation coefficient reaching 62.16 cm^(2)/g under the voltage of 20 kV.It has great significance for the development of X-ray protection materials with lead-free,lightweight and high shielding efficiency.