领导注意力、项目分配与政策投入的资源陷阱——示范村经验何以难示范

Leadership Attention,Project Allocation and Resource Traps of Policy Input——Why is it Difficult to Popularize the Experience of Exemplary Villages

在普惠式、粗放式政策投放背景下,通过政策资源的相对集中分配来打造亮点示范,逐渐成为基层政府提升政策资源分配效能、产出政绩的重要策略。这是基层政府在实现政策转化时采取上下注意力一致性调适的能动选择,有助于将国家政策原则、地方发展战略和基层政策信息环境相衔接,使政策资源效能最大化、产生政绩亮点。既有研究关注了政策示范的组织策略、政策示范中的多层级主体互动以及政策示范的可持续绩效,但忽视了政策示范性村庄的可持续发展的在地化理解。基于项目分配和示范绩效的分析模型,通过典型案例的深入调查发现:由于领导个人注意力及其政绩偏好叠加,导致亮点示范打造出现边际效益递减的趋势,进而削减亮点示范在政策信息对接、供需精准化上的积极效能,产生政策投入的资源陷阱。在未来乡村振兴战略推进中,要注意亮点示范作用的边界与限度,避免掉入政绩异化陷阱,损耗示范积极意义;同时,本研究对领导注意力的基层发现机制有所发展。

Under the background of inclusive and extensive policy delivery,it has gradually become an important strategy for grassroots governments to improve the efficiency of policy resource allocation and output performance through the relatively centralized allocation of policy resources to create model village.This is a choice of initiative for grassroots governments to adopt consistent adjustment of attention from top to bottom when they want to realize policy transformation,which is conducive to link national policy principles,local development strategies and grassroots policy information environment,and maximize the efficiency of policy resources and produce bright performance.Existing studies have studied the organizational strategy of policy demonstration,the multi-level interaction of subjects in policy demonstration,and the sustainable performance of policy demonstration,but neglected the localized understanding of sustainable development of model villages.based on the analysis model of project allocation and demonstration performance,through in-depth investigation of typical case,which is found that due to the superposition of the individuality of leaders'attention and their performance preferences,the marginal benefit of bright spot demonstration is decreasing,which reduces the positive effect of policy information docking and precision of supply and demand,resulting in resource traps for policy investment.In the future promotion of rural revitalization strategy,attention should be paid to the boundary and limit of the demonstration role of model villages,so as to avoid falling into the trap of alienation of political performance and losing the positive significance of demonstration.At the same time,this study has developed the grassroots discovery mechanism of leadership attention.