“数”竞天择:数字革命与银行业结构转型

Win of"Digitization":Digital Revolution and Structural Transformation of the Banking Industry

金融科技赋能传统商业银行,优化行业结构与竞争格局,对于金融业更好服务实体经济具有重要意义。因此,以2011—2018年209家商业银行为样本,实证研究数字化转型对银行业结构的影响。研究发现,银行数字化会通过压缩网点主营业务空间、弱化网点监管功能同时实现降本增效来对传统网点形成冲击,体现为增加网点退出、抑制网点进入,且该结果在金融科技较发达和数字经济发展较好的地区更显著。进一步研究发现,数字化转型通过重塑网点布局优化了银行业竞争格局,改变了银行人力资本结构。

The integration of financial technology and traditional commercial bank can optimize its industrial structure and competing visions, which is helpful for financial industry to better serve the real economy. Based on the samples of 209 commercial banks from 2011 to 2018, the paper empirically studied the influence of digital transformation on banking structure. The findings found that, the digitalization of banks has greatly shocked traditional branches by compressing branches' main business space,weakening their supervision function, cutting costs and improving performance. The specific operations here included encouraging the exit of existing branches and inhibiting the addition of new branches. The result was more evident in the regions having advanced financial technology and developed economy. Further studies found that, digital transformation has optimized the competing visions of the banking industry by reshaping the layout of business branches, and also changed the human capital structure of the banking industry.