传统文化与现代认同:当代中国政治认同建构的历史逻辑

Traditional Culture and Modern Identity:The Historical Logic of Construction of Political Identity in Contemporary China

在现代民族国家建构过程中,以形塑“现代的我们”为任务的政治认同建构面临“传统的我们”对迈向现代的阻碍以及“现代的他者”对“我群认同”的消解。传统文化在现代政治认同建构中具有“桎梏”和“资源”并存的复杂特性。本文以政治认同建构的任务逻辑、资源逻辑和期待逻辑为主线构建分析框架,以新中国成立以来的2977幅政治宣传画为资料对政治认同建构中传统文化呈现的特征与逻辑进行探索性分析。分析结果显示:传统文化符号在样本宣传画中并未突出呈现;在体现传统文化的宣传画中,生活实践领域的物质寓意类符号较多呈现,传统文化的国族资源彰显,调动回应公众对物质生活的期待是政治认同建构的重要策略;改革开放以来,体现历史标识和精神品格的传统文化符号在样本宣传画中逐渐增多。新时代背景下,政治认同的建构应关注认同的人文属性与心理机制,推进传统文化的创造性转化,以更“合情入理”的方式充分发挥传统文化在形塑“现代的我们”过程中的建构性功能。

In the process of constructing the modern nation⁃state,the construction of political identity with the task of shaping“modern us”is faced with the obstacle of the“traditional us”to modernization and the dissolution of the“modern others”to the“identity of our group”.Traditional culture has the complex characteristics of both“shackles”and“resources”in the construction of modern political identity.This paper constructs an analytical framework based on the logic of task,resource and expectation in the construction of political identity,and analyzes the characteristics and logic of traditional culture presentation in the construction of political identity with 2977 political posters since the founding of the People's Republic of China(PRC)as the data.The results of the analysis show that traditional cultural symbols are not prominently presented in the sample posters.Among the posters embodying traditional culture,material symbols in the field of life practice are more often presented,which shows the national resources of traditional culture are also emphasized.Responses to the public's expectations of material life is an important strategy for political identity construction.Traditional cultural symbols embodying historical markers and spiritual character have gradually increased in the sample posters since the reform and opening up.In the New Era,the humanistic attributes and psychological mechanism of identity should be paid more attention to in terms of the construction of political identity.In addition,the construction of political identity should promote the creative transformation of traditional culture,and give full play to the constructive function of traditional culture in the process of shaping the“modern us”in a more“sensible and reasonable”way.