“文明与野蛮”叙事与等级性世界秩序

“Civilization vs.Barbarism”Narratives and the Hierarchical World Order

长期以来,西方国家借助“文明与野蛮”二元叙事为其现实政治服务。这种政治话语起源于西方文化的两大痼疾:一是普世性与排他性结合导致的等级性文明观,二是价值理性与工具理性背离导致的“精神分裂症”。在殖民主义时期,“文明与野蛮”叙事主要由基督教宗教认同、白人种族主义及西方制订的国际法理论构成,并成为欧洲殖民扩张的理论依据。在后殖民时期,这种“文明与野蛮”叙事的标准则日益从具象到抽象,更多借助将西方制度和价值观视为“现代性”“人权高于主权”等更抽象的标准,并服务于新帝国主义扩张。从结果看,这种文明标准通过制造“文明与野蛮”的二元对立叙事,人为将世界分为两个彼此隔绝、相互对立的世界。此外,“文明与野蛮”叙事还塑造出“反文明的文明观”,并由此导致整个世界日趋“野蛮化”,形成等级性世界秩序。“人类命运共同体”为“新文明观”的产生提供了可资借鉴的思想资源。

For a long time,Western countries have used the dualistic narrative of“civilization and barbarism”to serve their realpolitik.This political discourse has its origins in two of the most chronic problems of Western culture:the hierarchical view of civilization that results from the combination of universality and exclusivity,and the“schizophrenia”that results from the separation of value rationality from instrumental rationality.During the colonial period,the“civilization versus barbarism”narrative was mainly composed of Christian religious identity,white racism and theories of international law developed by the West and became the theoretical basis for European colonial expansion.In the post⁃colonial period,the criteria of this“civilization and barbarism”have increasingly moved from the Western institutions and values,such as“modernity”and“human rights Outmatching sovereignty”,and in the service of neo⁃imperialist expansion.As a result,such standards have artificially divided the world into two isolated and antagonistic parts by creating a dichotomous narrative of“civilization and barbarism”.In addition,this narrative has also shaped an“anti⁃civilization view of civilization”,which has led to the increasing“barbarization”of the entire world and the formation of a hierarchical world order.The“community of shared future”,provides an ideological resource for the emergence of a“Neo⁃Civilization View”.