自认的机理、程序层级及虚假自认规制

The Mechanism and Procedure Level of Civil Admission and Regulation of False Civil Admission

自认制度向来被视作诉讼体制转型的试金石,约束性自认制度的体系构建是由职权干预型诉讼模式向当事人主导型诉讼模式转变的缩影和必经之径。《民事证据规定》及《民诉法解释》业已形成本土化自认制度体系,为实现诉讼模式转型提供了制度支撑。但是,受实体真实裁判观的影响,辩论主义的要旨并未获得司法解释制定者青睐。在一些具体领域上,较突出地表现出辩论主义与现行规范的不适,如庭审构造的逻辑混乱导致作为事实层面的自认与作为证据层面的当事人陈述混同,致使撤回自认呈现出规范上的双重标准;虚假自认未作类型区分,致使一概否认虚假自认的拘束力。准此,需要厘清自认的机理、程序层级,在现有规范基础上实现自认制度与周边制度的体系自洽。

Civil admission system has always been regarded as the touchstone of the transformation of litigation system,and the system construction of binding civil admission system is the epitome and necessary path of the transformation from the power intervention litigation mode to the party-led litigation mode.The Provisions on Civil Evidence and the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law have formed a local civil admission system,which provides institutional support for realizing the transformation of the litigation mode.However,influenced by the real view of real judgment,the essence of debate has not been favored by the makers of judicial interpretation.In some specific fields,the discomfort of debate and current norms is prominently shown.For example,the logical confusion of the trial structure leads to the confusion of the civil admission and the statements of the parties as evidence,resulting in the double standard of withdrawal and false civil admission is not differentiated,resulting in the denial of false civil admission.To ensure this,it is necessary to clarify the mechanism and procedural level of civil admission,and realize the self-consistency between the civil admission system and the surrounding system on the basis of the existing norms.