司马光的中和思想与成圣动机——以居洛时期为例

Sima Guang’s Thought of Neutralization and His Motivation for Becoming a Saint--Taking the Period of living in Luoyang as an Example

宋神宗朝洛阳士人群以司马光等人的圣人意识为代表的道统观念,有与王安石新党集团道统观念以及三不足、理财求利等政治方针相抗衡的意图。“中和”是儒家圣贤之道的基本思想之一,司马光认为它是万事万物得以正常运转和维持平衡的根本法则,可以成为“道”的代名词。“中”是内在规律,“和”是“中”的外在和谐状态。只有明白并严格按照“中和”原则行事,才能够遵道而达道。司马光一方面大力宣扬并践行中和思想,另一方面却深陷失和的政治焦虑之中无力挣脱。他的中和思想,看似中正平和的中庸之道的反映,其实是一种概念化和排他性极强的刚猛之道,以极端的进取心驱动着成圣的愿望。

The Confucian concept represented by the sage consciousness of Sima Guang and others among the scholars in Luoyang during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song had the intention of competing with the Confucian concept of Wang Anshi’s new party group,as well as political policies such as“three deficiencies”and“seeking financial benefits”.“Neutralization(Zhong and He)”is one of the basic ideas of the Confucian doctrine of sages.Sima Guang believes that it is the fundamental principle for all things to function normally and maintain balance,and can be synonymous with“Tao”.“Zhong”is an internal law,and“He”is the external harmonious state of“Zhong”.On the one hand,Sima Guang vigorously promoted and practiced the idea of“neutralization”,but on the other hand,he was deeply trapped in the political anxiety of disharmony and was unable to break free.His thought of neutralization,which seems to reflect the moderate and peaceful middle way,is actually a strong and forceful way of conceptualization and exclusiveness,driving the desire for sanctification with extreme enterprising spirit.