企业数字化转型对技术创新模式的影响研究

Impact of Enterprise Digital Transformation on Technology Innovation Model

随着数字经济与实体经济的深度融合,数字技术冲击将深刻地影响实体企业的技术创新模式。本文以2007—2020年A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,实证考察了企业数字化转型对企业技术创新模式的影响。研究发现,数字化转型促进了企业合作创新,但是并没有显著地激励企业进行自主创新,并且该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制分析表明,数字化转型对合作创新的促进作用主要通过降低企业面临的外部交易成本和增加企业间的研发溢出来实现。分样本回归发现,在不确定性较高的企业、成长期企业和知识产权保护水平较高的地区中数字化转型对合作创新的推动作用更加明显;对企业数字化转型的分解发现,底层技术层面的人工智能、云计算和大数据技术对合作创新均具有促进效应,而区块链技术和实践层面的数字技术运用对合作创新并没有显著影响。此外,数字化转型对合作创新的推动作用提升了企业全要素生产率。本文探究了数字化背景下的企业技术创新模式,研究结论对于深入推进数字化转型和创新驱动发展战略具有重要的政策启示。

This paper employs the text analysis method to characterize enterprises'digitalization level.Using A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2007 to 2020 as the research sample,it explores the heterogeneous impact of enterprise digital transformation on independent innovation and cooperative innovation.The main research conclusions are as follows:First,digital transformation promotes enterprise cooperative innovation,but does not significantly encourage independent innovation.Second,digital transformation primarily promotes enterprise cooperative innovation by lowering external transaction costs and increasing R&D spillover between enterprises.Third,the driving force of digital transformation for cooperative innovation is particularly evident in enterprises with a high level of uncertainty,enterprises in the growth stage,and regions with a high level of intellectual property protection;meanwhile,the decomposition of enterprise digital transformation reveals that AI,cloud computing,and big data technologies have a promoting effect on cooperative innovation,while block chain technology and the practical application of digital technology do not significantly affect cooperative innovation.Fourth,the driving force of digital transformation for cooperative innovation enhances enterprise total factor productivity.The marginal contributions of this paper are reflected in the following aspects:First,in contrast with prior literature that investigates the impact of digital technology on enterprise innovation,this paper divides technology innovation into independent innovation and cooperative innovation.It examines the specific connotation and source of enterprise innovation under the digital background,thereby enriching the relevant research on the impact of digital technology on enterprise innovation.Second,previous studies on cooperative innovation are mainly theoretical analyses and case studies,lacking rigorous empirical testing,while this paper investigates the influencing factors of cooperative innovation from a digital perspective,thereby enriching the empirical research in the field of cooperative innovation.Third,this paper further clarifies the logical relationship between“digital transformation–cooperative innovation–enterprise total factor productivity”,and verifies the high-quality development effect of cooperative innovation.Fourth,this paper finds that digital technology promotes cooperative innovation,but does not have a significant incentive effect on independent innovation,indicating that current enterprises may not be effectively utilizing digital technology to achieve their own“transformation”.