视网膜变性疾病感光细胞死亡机制

Mechanisms of photoreceptor death in retinal degenerative diseases

视网膜变性疾病会对视觉造成不可逆损害,进行性感光细胞丧失是该类疾病的共同特征。既往,感光细胞死亡机制局限于凋亡和坏死,近年研究证实焦亡、自噬、PARP-1依赖性细胞死亡、铁死亡均参与感光细胞死亡,其中自噬对感光细胞具有双重作用。抑制这些信号通路,能减少视网膜变性疾病中感光细胞的死亡。随着对细胞死亡的认识进一步加深和拓宽,视网膜变性疾病的诊断和治疗将得到更新和完善。

Retinal degenerative diseases,characterized by progressive loss of photoreceptors,cause irreversible damage to vision.In the past,apoptosis and necrosis were considered to be the main mechanisms of photoreceptor death.Recently,pyrodeath,autophagy,PARP-1-dependent cell death and iron death have been confirmed to be related to photoreceptor death.Specially,autophagy has a dual effect on photoreceptor cells.Inhibition of these signaling pathways can reduce the photoreceptor death in retinal degenerative diseases.With the further of the understanding of cell death,the diagnosis and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases will be updated and improved.