论我国《民法典》的除外条款

On the Exceptions in China′s Civil Code

我国立法兼顾法律体系的完备性与法律的开放性,但书条款成为我国立法上惯用的标志性语言和立法技术。《民法典》中除外条款分为约定除外条款与法律除外条款,对当事人排除规范适用的约定行为效力应依据民事法律规范的类型区分进行判断。根据法律除外条款的功能差异,可将《民法典》中的法律除外条款基于效力的差异划分为指向型、兜底型、内容互异型3种类型。《民法典》中除外条款以其具体表现形式、法律语言的严谨周延性、特有的链接与补充功能使其得以广泛应用。研究《民法典》的除外条款,对于司法实践中《民法典》的精准适用具有重要意义。

The legislation of our country takes into account the completeness of the legal system and the openness of the law,so the proviso clause has become the symbol language and legislative technology commonly used in the legislation of our country.The agreed exclusions and the legal exclusions are the basic classifications of the exclusions in the Civil Code.It is advisable to discuss the effectiveness of the agreed acts of the parties to exclude the application of the norms based on the types of civil legal norms.According to the functional differences of the legal exclusions,they can be divided into three types:directional type,back-to-back type,and content variant type.The preciseness and comprehensiveness of the legal language and its link and supplementary functions determine the extensive application of exclusions.It is of great significance to study and apply with preciseness the exclusions in the Civil Code in legal practice.