现象、本质、价值--论《老子》之“常”的三重进境

Phenomenon,Essence,Value:On the Three Realms of Laozi’s“Chang”

“常”作为独立的哲学范畴,是理解《老子》“道”论的重要维度之一。“常”在时间上表现了“道”的恒久性,在空间上表现了“道”的稳定性。理解“常”需经过三重进境。首先,要明“常”之现象。“常”在万物的生命历程中表现为“复命”,在万物的生命状态上表现为“知和”。其次,要达“常”之本质。“常”在时间维度上表现了“道”循环往复的周行过程,在空间维度上呈现了“道”比于赤子的和谐状态。最后,要显“常”之价值。“常”最终要落实到实践中去,政治化为“无为”之道与“损益”之道,使国家长治久安成为可能。

As an independent philosophical category,“Chang”is one of the important dimensions for understanding the“Dao”theory in Laozi.“Chang”represents the permanence of Dao in time and the stability of“Dao”in space.Understanding“Chang”requires three levels of entry.Firstly,it is necessary to clarify the phenomenon of“constant”.“Chang”is manifested as“Fu Ming”in the life process of all things,and as“Zhi He”in the life state of all things.Secondly,to achieve the essence of“constant”.“Chang”represents the cyclic process of“Dao”in the temporal dimension,and presents a harmonious state of“Dao”compared to Chizi in the spatial dimension.Finally,the value of“constant”should be demonstrated.“Chang”ultimately needs to be implemented in practice,politicized into the path of“inaction”and the path of“Sun Yi”,making it possible for the country to maintain long-term stability.