陈旧骸骨DNA身份鉴定的法医学进展

Process of Forensic Medicine in DNA Identification of Aged Human Remains

骨骼和牙齿是重要的生物样本,由于结构特殊,抗降解能力强,是自然条件下保留DNA理想的生物检材。在历史人物鉴定案例中,陈旧的骨骼和牙齿样本常常是唯一的生物检材,但其DNA呈微量、毁损和不同程度降解状态,需要经过特殊的实验处理以实现身份鉴定。本文综合近年来相关研究报道,从采集检材、DNA提取、DNA富集、检测分析方案等方面进行综述,以期促进陈旧骨骼和牙齿检测体系的进一步发展和完善。

Skeleton and teeth are important biological samples.Due to their special structure and strong ability to resist degradation,they are ideal biological materials to retain DNA under natural con-dition.In many cases,such as historical figure identification,aged skeleton and teeth are usually the only biological samples.However,their DNA is in a state of trace,damage and degradation to different de-grees,which requires special experimental treatment to achieve identification.This paper reviews the sample selection,DNA extraction,DNA enrichment and analysis approaches based on relevant research reports in recent years,aiming to promote the further development and improvement of the aged skel-eton and teeth identification system.