广东省海运集群的空间演化及影响因素研究

The Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of Maritime Transport Cluster in Guangdong Province

产业演化与升级是区域发展至关重要的环节,理清产业演化特征及其发展路径能为区域可持续发展提供战略参考。基于此,文章从经济地理的角度,以2001年、2012年和2022年广东省海运集群的企业数据为研究对象,运用核密度分析法分析广东省海运集群的空间演化趋势,运用标准差椭圆法探究船舶制造业与海运业以及港口服务业与海运业的协同关系,运用泊松模型分析海运集群区位选择的影响因素。研究结果表明:从演化特征看,广东省海运集群呈现明显的空间不平衡,集聚中心在珠江三角洲,大致呈现“单核集中、连片扩散、多中心集聚”的格局;从关联特征看,海运业、船舶制造业和港口服务业通过集聚与扩散协同发展,其中海运业与港口服务业之间的空间差异总体变小,但海运业与船舶制造业的空间差异总体变大;从影响因素看,广东省沿海经济带在全球化浪潮和外向型经济的带动下,依据政策制度和区位优势形成海运集群,2012年转型期后,低碳和高质量发展促进海运集群的产业升级。

Industrial evolution and upgrading is a crucial part of regional development.Clarifying the characteristics of industrial evolution and its development path can provide strategic reference for regional sustainable development in the future.Based on this,from the perspective of economic geography,this paper took the enterprise data of shipping cluster in Guangdong Province in 2001,2012 and 2022 as the research object,and used kernel density analysis to analyze the evolution trend of the spatial layout of shipping cluster in Guangdong Province.The standard deviation ellipse method was used to explore the synergetic relationship between ship manufacturing industry and shipping industry,the synergetic relationship between port industry and shipping industry,and the poisson model was used to explore the influencing factors of its location selection.The results showed that from the perspective of evolutionary characteristics,the maritime transport cluster in Guangdong Province presented obvious spatial imbalance,and the agglomeration center was in the Pearl River Delta,roughly showing the pattern of“single-core concentration,contiguous diffusion,polycenter agglomeration”.From the perspective of correlation characteristics,shipping industry,ship manufacturing industry and port service industry developed cooperatively through agglomeration and diffusion.The spatial differences between shipping industry and port service industry were generally decreasing,but the spatial differences between shipping industry and ship manufacturing industry were generally increasing.From the perspective of influencing factors,driven by the tide of globalization and export-oriented economy,the coastal economic belt of Guangdong Province formed a maritime transportation cluster according to policies,systems and location advantages.After the transition period in 2012,low-carbon and high-quality development promoted the industrial upgrading of maritime transportation.