清代辽河水运贸易与区域农林市场的形成

Liao River Water Transport Trade and the Formation of Regional Agricultural and Forestry Markets in the Qing Dynasty

辽河作为清代盛京地区流域较广的河流,承担着货物运输与人员流动的功能。受地理环境与水文条件的影响,辽河水运贸易呈现出季节性变化,即夏秋季水运活动繁盛,冬春季偏少。便捷的水运一方面在辽河沿岸孕育了以码头为中心的商业城镇,另一方面又催生了诸如粮食和木材等区域市场,在满足本地消费的同时也为行销外省提供了条件。牛庄开埠后,各省商人的不断涌入和河海并运的便利条件,不仅推动了辽河的水运贸易发展,而且进一步形塑了当地的种植业结构与商业形态,成为区域经济发展的重要动力。

As a river with a wide drainage basin in the Shengjing region of the Qing Dynasty,the Liao River undertook the functions of cargo transportation and personnel flow.Due to the influence of geographi-cal and hydrological conditions,the water transportation trade in Liaohe River shows seasonal changes,with prosperous water transportation activities in summer and autumn,and less in winter and spring.Convenient water transportation not only nurtured commercial towns centered around docks along the Liao River,but al-so gave rise to regional markets such as grain,soybeans,and timber,which not only met local consumption but also provided conditions for marketing to other provinces.After the opening of Niuzhuang Port,the con-tinuous influx of merchants from various provinces and the convenient conditions for river and sea transpor-tation not only promoted the development of water transportation trade in Liao River,but also further shaped the local planting industry structure and commercial form,becoming an important driving force for regional economic development.