海南霸王岭南亚松群落结构及物种多样性特征

Community structure and species diversity of Pinus latteri forests in Bawangling Ridge,Hainan

为了解海南霸王岭南亚松(Pinus latteri)的群落结构和物种多样性特征,采用样方法对南亚松群落的物种组成、地理成分、群落结构及物种多样性进行调查。结果表明:1)霸王岭南亚松群落植物种类丰富,共有66科146属230种,以樟科(Lauraceae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)为主要优势科,南亚松(Pinus latteri)、九节(Psychotria asiatica)、银柴(Aporosa dioica)为主要优势种,优势属不明显;2)南亚松群落的植物地理联系广泛,以热带成分为绝对优势,含杉木属(Cunninghamia)一个特有属;3)不同海拔梯度南亚松群落的物种多样性有差异,其中,物种丰富度指数随海拔的升高而降低,而Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou指数均随海拔的升高呈现先降低再增加的趋势;4)南亚松群落结构复杂,其径级和树高结构都是典型的倒“J”型,群落中南亚松的径级和树高结构呈钟形,说明南亚松群落稳定性高,更新状态良好,能够稳定演替发展。

A survey of Pinus latteri community in Bawangling Ridge,Hainan was made by using sample plotting,and the species composition,geographic composition,community structure,and species diversity of the P.latteri community were analyzed to have clear understanding of the community structure and species diversity of P.latteri therein.The survey indicated that the P.latteri community in Bawangling is rich in plant species and composed of 66 families,146 genera,and 230 species,with Lauraceae,Euphoribiaceae,Rubiaceae as dominant families and P.latteri Mason,Psychotria asiatica,and Aporosa dioica as dominant species.Dominating genus is not immediately apparent.The species diversity of the P.latteri community is different and varies along the altitudinal gradient,where the species richness index decreased with the rise of the altitude,and the Shannon-Wiener index,and Pielou index decreased and then increased with the rise of the altitude.The P.latteri community has extensive phytogeographic associations,with its tropical distribution being dominant and containing one endemic genus Cunninghamia.The P.latteri community has a complex structure with a typical inverted"J"shape in diameter and height distribution,and the diameter and tree height of P.latteri in the community are bell-shaped in structure,indicating that the P.latteri community is high in stability with good regeneration and can hence have a steady succession.