细胞焦亡在口腔癌中的研究进展

Research progress of pyroptosis in oral cancer

细胞焦亡是Gasdermin(GSDM)家族介导的炎症性程序性死亡。在形态、病理、生理以及机制上均与其他类型的细胞死亡(如凋亡、坏死、自噬等)有较大差别,它以细胞质膜孔隙的形成,将细胞肿胀破裂,并释放出细胞内容物以及炎症因子为主要表征。细胞焦亡在肿瘤的产生,进展以及诊治过程中有举足轻重的生物学意义。细胞焦亡与口腔癌的关系尤其复杂,一方面,因细胞焦亡释放的细胞因子改变了免疫微环境,并通过逃避免疫监测促进口腔癌的发展;另一面,细胞焦亡还可以控制口腔癌细胞的增殖,并能发挥抗肿瘤效果。本综述主要通过研究细胞焦亡的分子机制,以及口腔癌中细胞焦亡的关联问题,探讨细胞焦亡在口腔癌中的主要功能,为口腔癌的诊疗提供新思路,新方案。

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory programmed death mediated by the Gasdermin(GSDM) family.The morphology,pathology,physiology and mechanism of pyroptosis differ from other types of cell death like apoptosis,necrosis,and autophagy,it is mainly characterized by the formation of cytoplasmic membrane pores,cell swelling and rupture,and the release of cell contents and inflammatory factors.A growing number of studies have confirmed that pyroptosis plays an important role in the formation,progression,diagnosis and treatment of tumors.The correlation between pyroptosis and oral cancer is particularly complex.On the one hand,cytokines released by pyroptosis change the immune microenvironment and promote the development of oral cancer by escaping immune surveillance.On the other hand,pyroptosis can also control the proliferation of oral cancer cells,and exerts the anti-tumor effect.In this paper,we analyze the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis,its correlation with oral cancer,and the main functions of pyroptosis in oral cancer,so as to provide new ideas and new schemes for the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.