从语法化的扩展效应看近现代以来“非”类前缀化的过程及机制

The process and mechanism of prefixoidation with fei(非)in Mandarin Chinese from the perspective of expansion effect in grammaticalization

本文藉助语法化的扩展效应,考察了“非”自19世纪70年代以来发生类前缀化的具体过程。研究发现:最初是受到翻译影响,在“X”与“非X”的特定对举环境中,“非X”始可分析为词汇性单位,“非”做词根语素;伴随“非X”的语义-语用环境、句法环境以及“非”的同构项“X”的类型的扩展,“非”的语义不断泛化,内向依附性和能产性不断增强,最终从“词根语素”演变为“类前缀”。翻译是“非”发生类前缀化的诱因;“对举”的高频使用以及“对举项位置”的扩展是“非”类前缀化的核心环境和必要的实现手段;重新分析和类推分别是实现“非”类前缀化的首要机制和核心机制。本研究为探讨汉语类词缀的来源及形成问题提供了一种新的研究方法和路径。

This paper examines the process of prefixoidation withfei(非)since the 1870s in details.It is found out that,initially influenced by translation,fei-Xstarted to be analyzed as a lexical unit when occurring in parallel withXand feifunctioned as the root.With the expansion of its semantic-pragmatic context,syntactic context as well as the category to whichXmay belong,feiunderwent semantic bleaching with increasing productivity and internal dependency and finally became a“prefixoid”.Translation was the trigger of the prefixoidation offeiwhile the high frequency of use in paralleled structures and the expansion of its contexts were the key conditions and necessary means of its realization.Reanalysis and analogy were also important mechanisms of the prefixoidation offei.This paper provides a new approach to the investigation of the source and formation of Chinese affixoids.