我国大规模语言调查的成就与启示

Achievements of large-scale language investigations in China and their inspirations

大规模语言调查是极富挑战性的工作。近百年来,我国开展了多次大规模、总体性的汉语方言和少数民族语言调查,取得了巨大成就,积累了丰富经验,也存在一些缺憾。文章在搜集筛选各种历史资料的基础上,梳理出了历次大规模语言调查的简要情况,重点介绍了20世纪50年代开展的全国汉语方言和少数民族语言普查的背景、任务及成果,辑录了汉语方言普查所形成的综合性成果。然后,主要根据全国语言方言普查和中国语言资源保护工程,归纳出了大规模语言调查的几点启示:1)顺势而为,准确定位;2)统筹规划,规范实施;3)整理利用,持续发展。

Large-scale language investigation is a challenging task.In the last 100 years,a number of comprehensive largescale language investigations have been done on Chinese dialects and minority languages.These investigations have made great achievements although there are also some shortcomings.With a close reference to various historical records,this article offers a brief summary of previous large-scale language investigations with a focus on the background,tasks and achievements of investigations made during the 1950s.Based on the national census of Chinese language and dialects together with the Project for Protecting Language Resources of China,these large-scale language investigations have inspired us to follow the needs of the times with clear orientation,to plan comprehensively and standardize the research procedures,and to be organized for sustainable development.