商业判断规则在我国的适用研究

The Application of Business Judgment Rule in China

我国司法实践中已有不少适用商业判断规则的案例,由于立法缺失,存在适用案由不一、引入态度摇摆、适用路径差异大等问题。商业判断规则并非完全阻断法院审查,而是在某些情况下允许法院对董事决策进行审查。我国《公司法》修订之际,应当将商业判断规则明确引入立法,使之成为独立于司法谦抑性原则的一项制度。在具体审查步骤上,应将其限定在与董事义务或董事责任相关的纠纷中,先审查董事决策程序,程序违法时则可对决策内容进行形式审查,特殊情况下可进行实质审查。在与董事义务判断的衔接上,可以根据公司治理良好或欠佳的具体情况,在主观过错要件上采取或宽松或严苛的审查标准,使之在董事义务的判断上发挥相对客观、动态的弹性作用,为董事提供不同程度的免责。举证责任上,应采用举证责任倒置,由股东初步举证后,再由董事承担更高的举证责任。

In China s judicial practice,there have been many cases where business judgment rule is applied.Due to the lack of legislation,there are problems such as inconsistent cause of action,swinging introduction status,and large deviations in application paths.The business judgement rule does not completely block court review,but rather allows court review of directors decisions under certain circumstances.The business judgment rule should be introduced as a legal system independent of the principle of judicial modesty during the amendment of the Company Law.In terms of specific review steps,it should be limited to the disputes related to the obligations or responsibilities of directors.The decision-making procedure of directors should be examined first,then the contents of decision-making can be formally examined when the procedure is illegal,and substantive review can be conducted in certain circumstances.In connection with the judgment of directors obligations,loose or strict examination standards can be adopted on subjective fault elements according to the specific circumstances of good or poor corporate governance,so as to play a relatively objective and dynamic flexible role in the judgment of directors obligations and provide directors with different degrees of exemption space.Lastly,the shareholders shall provide preliminary evidence,and then the burden of proof should be reversed to the directors.