论冯玉祥主豫时期的河南戏剧改革——以新发现的重要文献《新剧汇订》为中心

Drama Reform Guided by Feng Yuxiang in Henan Province and the Newly Discovered Anthology of New Drama

冯玉祥第二次主豫期间,为配合社会改革,发起了轰轰烈烈的戏剧运动。新发现的用于当时河南新剧指导人员训练班教材的三册《新剧汇订》,反映了其时的戏剧状况。“新剧”的内容侧重于妇女解放、破除迷信和普及教育。由于省级各机关、军队、大型企业、市县都成立了新剧团,并不断地演出,因而新剧剧目的演出遍及城乡,农民、工人、市民、官员、军人等成了数量庞大的观众群体。彼时的戏剧何以会得到大发展,是因为新剧剧目切近广大人民群众的利益;语言通俗易懂,符合观众的接受能力;配合着政治运动。

During Feng Yuxiang's second tenure in the Henan province,he initiated a vigorous and impactful drama movement in tandem with broader societal reforms,which led to the newly discovered trilogy,Anthology of New Drama that served as instruction materials for Henan's modern drama instructors at the time.This trilogy offers valuable insights into the contemporary drama landscape.The core themes of the'New Drama'movement were women's liberation,the dispelling of superstitions and the promotion of education.As provincial authorities,military units,major enterprises and urban and rural counties established their modern drama troupes,regularly staging performances,the New Drama reached wide-ranging audiences spanning urban and rural residents,including farmers,workers,officials and soldiers.The dramatic surge during this era can be attributed to the relevance of the New Drama themes to the general populace,their accessible and colloquial language that resonated with the audience and their alignment with political movements.