青少年噩梦影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors of nightmares among adolescents

目的探讨在青少年群体中噩梦体验的流行病学资料及其影响因素。方法以在线问卷调查的形式,采用噩梦障碍指数(nightmare disorder index,NDI)、自编欺凌评估量表、失眠严重程度指数(Insomnia Severity Index,ISI)、压力感知量表(perceived stress scale 14-item version,PSS-14)病人健康问卷抑郁量表(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)和广泛性焦虑障碍量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7)对6014例年龄在12~18岁(含)的青少年进行问卷调查,根据受试者1个月内是否有噩梦分为无噩梦组(n=4039)和噩梦组(n=1975)。统计学方法采用t检验、χ^(2)检验、Mann-Whitney U检验。采用Logistic回归模型,评估噩梦发生风险的影响因素。结果32.8%(1975/6014)例青少年过去1个月内曾有噩梦体验,噩梦组的男性比例显著低于无噩梦组[52.7%(2129/4039)与41.6%(821/1975),χ^(2)=65.884,P<0.05],而噩梦组的平均年龄[(16.21±1.40)与(16.08±1.46)岁,t=-3.328,P=0.002]、欺凌量表总分[1(0,2)与0(0,1)分,Z=-16.379,P<0.001]、PSS-14总分[21(14,26)与18(3,25)分,Z=-11.997,P<0.001]、ISI总分[5(2,9)与1(0,4)分,Z=-30.541,P<0.001]、PHQ-9总分[6(3,10)与2(0,5)分,Z=-29.432,P<0.001]、GAD-7总分[4(1,7)与0(0,3)分,Z=-29.057,P<0.001]均显著高于无噩梦组(P值均<0.05)。结论青少年噩梦体验频率较高且受多方面因素影响,女性发生噩梦的概率更高。欺凌量表总分、PSS-14总分、ISI总分、PHQ-9总分、GAD-7总分升高均会导致噩梦发生风险增加。可以利用以上指标来对噩梦发生的风险进行估测。

Objective To explore the epidemiological data and influencing factors of adolescent nightmare experience.Method In the form of an online questionnaire,the Nightmare Disorder Index(NDI),Bullying Scale,Insomnia Severity Index(ISI),Perceived Stress Scale 14-item version(PSS-14),Patient Health Questionnaire 9(PHQ-9),and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7(GAD-7)were examined in 6014 subjects aged 12-18 years.According to whether they had nightmares in one month,the subjects were divided into non-nightmare group(n=4093)and nightmare group(n=1975).The statistical methods performed by t-test,χ^(2) test,Mann-Whitney U test.Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the influencing factors of nightmare risk.Result 32.8%(1975/6014)adolescents had experienced nightmares in the past one month.The proportion of males in the nightmare group was significantly lower than that in the non-nightmare group[52.7%(2129/4039)and 41.6%(821/1975),χ^(2)=65.884,P<0.05].The mean age of the nightmare group[(16.21±1.40)vs(16.08±1.46)years,Z=-3.328,P=0.002],the Bullying Scale score[1(0,2)vs 0(0,1),Z=-16.379,P<0.001],PSS-14 score[21(14,26)vs 18(3,25),Z=-11.997,P<0.001],ISI score[5(2,9)vs 1(0,4),Z=-30.541,P<0.001],PHQ-9 score[6(3,10)vs 2(0,5),Z=-29.432,P<0.001],and GAD-7 score[4(1,7)vs 0(0,3),Z=-29.057,P<0.001]were significantly higher than those in the nonightmare group(all P<0.05).Conclusion The frequency of nightmares in adolescents is high,which is affected by many factors.Females are more likely to have nightmares.Higher Bullying Scale score,PSS-14 score,ISI score,PHQ-9 score and GAD-7 score will increase the risk of nightmares.Above information can be used to assess the risk of nightmares.