纵容黑社会性质组织罪的主体限缩

Restriction of the Subject of the Crime of Conniving with an Organization of a Gangland Nature

纵容黑社会性质组织罪的犯罪主体并不是宽泛意义上的国家机关工作人员,需结合其实行行为的不作为构造,从保证人义务角度关联行为主体的特定身份,进而限缩界定为负有查禁犯罪活动职责的国家机关工作人员。纵容黑社会性质组织罪与包庇黑社会性质组织罪的行为构造差异,致使两罪的犯罪主体存在差别。与放纵走私罪、放纵制售伪劣商品犯罪行为罪的比对,印证了性质相同的纵容黑社会性质组织罪的犯罪主体应予限缩。而与帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚罪的比较分析,也再度印证了犯罪主体限缩的立论。犯罪主体与实行行为并非截然区分的两种构成要件要素,尤其对于纯正不作为犯,犯罪主体与实行行为呈现深度的勾连关系,实行行为的确定离不开对犯罪主体的特征考察,而犯罪主体的准确锚定,也受到实行行为样态的反向制约。

The subject of the crime of conniving with an organization of a gangland nature is not the staff of the state organs in a broad sense,but the staff of the state organs shouldering the responsibility of investigating and prohibiting criminal activities.This is a narrowed definition of the subject,in consideration of the omission nature of the committing actions and the specific identities of the subject of the act from the perspective of the guarantor's obligation.The difference in behavior structure between the crime of conniving with an organization of a gangland nature and the crime of harboring an organization of a gangland nature leads to the difference in the subject of the two crimes.Based on the comparison between the crime of conniving with an organization of a gangland nature and the crime of conniving at smuggling and the crime of conniving at the criminal conduct of producing and selling fake and shoddy commodities,it is further confirmed that the subject of the former crime should be limited.Based on the comparative analysis between the crime of conniving with an organization of a gangland nature and the crime of helping criminals avoid punishment,the argument of limiting the subject of the crime is further confirmed.The subject of crime and the committing act are not two completely different constituent elements.Especially for the typical omission crime,the subject of crime and the committing act are deeply connected.The determination of the committing act cannot be separated from the investigation of the characteristics of the subject of crime,and the accurate determination of the crime subject is also subject to the implementation of the behavior pattern.