糖尿病专科护士实践文化照护的现状及困境的质性研究

A qualitative study on the status quo and dilemma of cultural care practice in diabetes specialist nurses

目的探究糖尿病专科护士实践文化照护的现状及遭遇的文化照护困境。方法采用描述性质性研究方法,于2022年3—8月以目的抽样法选取广州市12名三甲医院的糖尿病专科护士进行一对一半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料进行分析和提炼。结果提炼出3个主题和10个亚主题:对文化照护的认知情况(对文化照护概念缺乏理解);实践文化照护的主要内容(尊重糖尿病患者的宗教信仰及风俗禁忌、为糖尿病患者提供语言一致性沟通、为糖尿病患者提供个性化的健康指导、改变糖尿病患者的不良健康观念维护患者健康、为糖尿病患者寻求支持系统);实践文化照护的阻碍因素(自身因素、患者方面因素、环境因素、组织管理因素)。结论糖尿病专科护士对文化照护的概念及内容缺乏了解,文化照护能力不足,但在护理实践中对糖尿病患者实施了部分文化照护工作。鉴于该群体在临床工作中所遭遇的文化照护困境,应通过糖尿病专科护士、相关专家、医院、科室等多方努力解决。

Objective To explore the status quo of diabetes specialist nurses'practice of cultural care and the cultural care dilemma they encountered.Methods Using descriptive research method,from March to August 2022,12 diabetes specialist nurses from ClassⅢGrade A hospitals in Guangzhou were selected by objective sampling to conduct a one-on-one structured in-depth interview.Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze and extract interview data.Results A total of 3 themes and 10 sub-themes were extracted,including perception of cultural care(lack of understanding of the concept of cultural care),the main contents of cultural care practice(respecting the religious beliefs and customs of diabetes patients,providing language consistency communication for diabetes patients,offering personalized health guidance for diabetes patients,changing diabetes patients'bad health concepts to maintain patients'health,and seeking support systems for diabetes patients),obstacles to practicing cultural care(self-factors,patient factors,environmental factors,organizational management factors).Conclusions The diabetes specialist nurses lack the understanding of the concept and content of cultural care,and their cultural care ability is insufficient,but they have implemented some cultural care for diabetes patients in their nursing practice.In view of the cultural care dilemma encountered by this group in clinical work,efforts should be made to solve it through diabetes specialist nurses,relevant experts,hospitals,departments and so on.