徽州的大族修谱与非族冒宗——从乾隆《官源洪氏总谱》的纂修谈起

The Pedigree of a Famous Clan and Its Counterfeits in Huizhou:The Case of General Pedigree of Hong Clan in Guanyuan Compiled in Qianlong Reign

通谱是一种特殊谱种,主要流行于徽州地区,有着十分全面和强大的联宗功能。乾隆四十六年,婺源县发布谱禁清查令,官源洪氏乘机纂修通谱,以期将各地宗支联系起来,巩固同宗共祖的血缘认同。纂修通谱期间,发生了非族山头洪姓伪谱冒宗事件,官源洪氏由此卷入了一场诉讼官司,最终胜诉,这检验了通谱对于防止非族冒宗、维护血缘正统的重要作用。非族冒宗现象在徽州相当普遍,实际运用手段亦多种多样,最终皆把矛头指向了封建宗法制度下的身份等级制度,旨在通过嫁接大族世系以重塑身份,进而在地方上寻求正统性身份认同。非族冒宗现象在其他地方亦存在,其本质和诉求实则相同。

The present paper,delineating a legal case,in which the Hong clan that was compiling a general pedigree sued a fake Hong clan producing false pedigree and finally won the lawsuit,contends that the reason why people there paid great attention to pedigree should be attributed the feudal hierarchy of social status and some families'desire to reconstruct their status by grafting themselves onto renowned clans.