新中国的饮料革新:盐汽水与工厂劳动福利

Beverage Revolution in New China:Salted Soda Water and Labor Welfare in Factory,1950-1979

盐汽水是中华人民共和国成立之初,为了预防工人高温中暑,从苏联引介的一种劳动保护功能饮品。中国生理学界结合中国气候条件、饮食习惯、工厂环境和中国人的体质,对盐汽水背后的水盐平衡理论、防暑机制在多地做了研究和试验。随后,各地厂矿企业陆续结合自身条件开始了盐汽水的生产和供应。本文从科技与社会、物质文化的视角出发,追溯盐汽水的研发、生产和消费过程,表明盐汽水是新中国建设初期因物质匮乏而作出的一种现代化选择,对维持社会稳定、提高人民幸福感起了积极作用。盐汽水不仅是现代科学的产物,是科学生产的保障,也是社会主义制度下一种特有的福利,是特定时代下有别于西方定义的现代性的象征。

The present paper,investigating the history of yanqishui(salted soda water)from the perspectives of the interrelation of science and society and material culture,contends that not only did yanqishui played a positive role in maintaining the social stability and increasing the people's sense of happiness in the early New China but it was also a symbol of modernity differing from the Western one in the socialist conditions.