钱塘江“弄潮”的发展历程研究

On the Development Course of Tide Playing in Qiantang River

“弄潮”是古代的“弄潮”人在钱塘江大潮中为两岸观众表演踏浪戏水,因不带护具,表演精彩,深受历代民众欢迎,是钱塘江两岸传承了上千年的中华民族传统体育项目,因唐代以前关于“弄潮”的文献记载少,现在很难准确描述这项古代极限运动的发展轨迹。文章旨在通过查阅各类文献,还原“弄潮”在历史中的发展轨迹。经查阅文献和推理,“弄潮”起源于吴越地区的民众祭祀潮神,后独立为娱乐活动,文献中“弄潮”活动最早记载在春秋时期,“弄潮”两字则最早出现在唐代的文献,钱塘江“弄潮”在唐代已经初具规模,宋代文献记载最详细,因“弄潮”人过于危险曾被官府禁止,但屡禁不止,并逐渐成为重要的官民共赏的娱乐活动,“弄潮”在宋代达到鼎盛,围绕“弄潮”出现了一系列的商业活动。元代以后由于历代政府实施海禁和钱塘江出海口地理环境的变化,“弄潮”失去了舞台,逐渐销声匿迹。

Riding the tide is an ancient frolic in the waves for the audience on both sides of the Qiantang River.Because of its wonderful performance without protective gear,it is an ancient sports event that has been passed down on both sides of the Qiantang River for thousands of years.Because there are few documents before the Tang Dynasty,it is difficult to correctly describe the development track of this ancient extreme sport.This paper aims to restore the development track of frolic in the waves in history by consulting various documents.According to the literature review and inference,frolic in the waves originated from the people in wuyue,and then became an independent entertainment activity.Frolic in the waves was first recorded in the literature in the Spring and Autumn Period,and the word"frolic in the waves"first appeared in the literature in the Tang Dynasty.Frolic in the Qiantang River had begun to take shape in the Tang Dynasty,and the literature in the Song Dynasty was the most detailed.Because frolic in the waves was too dangerous,it was banned by the government,but it was repeatedly banned,and gradually became an important entertainment activity enjoyed by both the government and the people.Frolic in the Song Dynasty reached its peak.After the Yuan Dynasty,due to the implementation of the sea ban by successive governments and the changes in the geographical environment at the mouth of Qiantang River,frolic in the waves lost its stage and gradually disappeared.