“灵芝+白星花金龟幼虫”联合转化苹果修剪枝条研究

Combined Transformation of Apple Pruning Branches by Ganoderma spp.and Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae

本实验探究了不同灵芝菌株和白星花金龟幼虫对以苹果枝条为主的农林废弃物的联合转化能力,首先分别测定了不同灵芝菌株在以苹果枝条为主要栽培基质中的菌丝生长速度、生物学效率以及子实体和菌糠中的活性成分,之后测定了白星花金龟幼虫对不同灵芝菌株所产生菌糠的转化效率,最后以1 kg培养料(干重)为基准,菌糠转化效率按虫料比1:4饲喂5 d后统计,评价了不同灵芝菌株与白星花金龟幼虫的联合转化效果。结果得出:除6号和9号外,其余7个灵芝菌株和白星花金龟幼虫联合转化后,剩余干物质量(剩余菌糠量)均小于50.0%,为19.0%~33.4%(190.04 g~334.27 g),生产灵芝61.87 g~126.50 g,虫体增重6.33 g~82.76g,产生虫砂43.94 g~426.54 g;其中5号灵芝菌株和白星花金龟幼虫联合转化1 kg培养料后剩余的干物质量最少,仅剩余190.04 g,生产灵芝106.90 g,虫体增重65.53 g,产生虫砂394.19 g。本研究表明,通过灵芝和白星花金龟幼虫联合转化可以实现苹果枝条的生态高值化利用,为林果枝条废弃物的资源化利用提供一定的理论依据。

We investigated the substrate combined transformation efficiency mainly based on apple branch sawdust by Ganoderma spp.and Protaetia brevitarsis larvae(PBL).Firstly,the mycelium growth rate,biological efficiency and active components in the fruiting body and spent mushroom substrate(SMS)of different Ganoderma strains were measured respectively.Then,the conversion efficiency of the PBL to different Ganoderma SMS was measured.Finally,the combined transformation efficiency was calculated by using 1 kg of substrate(dry weight)as a baseline,PBL-SMS ratio is 1:4 and feeding for 5 days.The results showed that,except No.6 and No.9 strains,the residual dry matter weight of the other 7 Ganoderma strains was less than 50.0%after combined transformation with PBL,ranging from 19.0%to 33.4%(190.04 g to 334.27 g),the yield of Ganoderma was 61.87 g to 126.50 g,the PBL gained weight was 6.33 g~82.76 g and the insect sand gained weight was 43.94 g~426.54 g.Among them,the combined conversion efficiency of No.5 Ganoderma strain and the PBL was the highest,the residual dry matter weight was only 190.04 g,and 106.90 g of Ganoderma,65.53 g of the PBL gained weight and 394.19 g of insect sand was produced.This study shows that the ecological high-value utilization of apple branches can be achieved through the joint transformation of Ganoderma and PBL,which provides a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of forest and fruit branch waste.