生物炭及其在稻田尾水净化中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Biochar and Its Application in Purification of Paddy Tailwater

保障水稻稳定增产事关国家粮食安全。水中的农药、化肥、重金属等物质随稻田尾水流出,排入周边水域,易造成水体面源污染。生物炭具有原材料丰富、孔隙结构发达、比表面积大、离子交换能力强、成本效益高等优势,已被广泛应用于环境修复领域。生物炭经适当改性能增加吸附活性位,提高吸附性能。在促沉净化材料中添加生物炭或生物炭基材料,可增强稻田面源污染促沉净化装置效能,提高稻田尾水利用率,助推农业绿色发展。本文介绍了稻田尾水的特点、常见处理技术及治理意义,阐述了生物炭及生物炭基材料在稻田尾水净化中的应用,展望了稻田尾水防治工作待深入开展的方向,并提出了生物炭材料在参与废水处理上存在的问题,以期为促进生态循环农业发展提供参考。

Ensuring stable rice production is related to national food security.The pesticides,fertilizers,heavy metals and other substances in the water discharge from the paddy tailwater,and flow into the surrounding waters,resulting in non-point source pollution.Biochar has been widely used in the field of environmental remediation due to its advantages of abundant raw materials,developed pore structure,large specific surface area,strong ion exchange capacity and high cost effectiveness.The biochar can be modified properly to increase the adsorption active site and improve the adsorption performance.Biochar or biochar-based materials can be added into the purification materials to enhance the efficiency of non-point source pollution precipitate purification device in paddy field,improve the utilization rate of paddy tailwater,and promote the green development of agriculture.This paper introduced the characteristics,common processing techniques and treatment significance of paddy tailwater,described the application of biochar and biochar-based materials in paddy tailwater purification,prospected the future direction of paddy tailwater control,and put forward the problems of biochar materials involved in wastewater treatment,so as to provide references for promoting the development of ecological recycling agriculture.