重剑冲刺技术的运动学特征分析研究

Research on Kinematic Characteristics of Sprint Technique of Epee Sport

目的:通过重剑运动员冲刺动作的运动学和冲刺动作特征的相关性研究,进一步了解冲刺动作的本质,为重剑运动的技术训练、体能训练提供一定的理论支撑和思路。研究方法:运用文献资料、专家访谈、测试和数理统计等研究方法,分析吉林师范大学34名重剑运动员冲刺动作的运动学特征,运用索尼高清摄像机采集重剑运动员冲刺动作的关节角度、重心水平速度峰值等运动学指标,运用SPSS 21、Fastmove 3D Motion等相关软件进行处理。研究结果显示:冲刺技术动作运动学主要特征主要表现为用时短,速度快,关节活动范围和进攻距离大,这也是不同等级重剑运动员之间的差异所在。冲刺技术动作的运动学特征在不同性别的重剑运动员中没有显著性差异,在不同等级的重剑运动员中存在显著性差异。即:优秀运动员重心水平速度峰值、持剑手水平速度峰值更高,肩关节、膝关节的角度更大、角速度更快。因此,提高关节活动范围可以有效增加重心水平速度,尤其是髋关节活动范围和重心水平速度峰值,二者具有显著正相关。

Through the correlation between the kinematics of the sprint movement of epee athletes and the characteristics of the sprint movement,this study further understands the essence of the sprint movement,and provides some theoretical support and ideas for the technical training and physical fitness training of the epee sport.By using the methods of literature review,expert interview,testing and mathematical statistics,this paper studies the kinematic characteristics of the sprint movements of 34 swordsmen in Jilin normal University.Sony high-definition camera is used to collect the joint angle,the peak horizontal velocity of the center of gravity and other kinematic indexes,and SPSS 21,Fastmove 3D Motion and other related software are used to deal with them.The results show that the main characteristics of sprint movement kinematics are short time,fast speed,large range of joint motion and offensive distance,which is also the difference between different grades of swordsmen.There is no significant difference in the kinematic characteristics of sprint technical movements among sprint athletes of different genders,but there are significant differences among different grades of epee athletes,that is,the peak horizontal velocity of the center of gravity of elite athletes and the horizontal speed of swordholders is higher,the angle of shoulder joint and knee joint is larger,and the angular speed is faster.Therefore,improving the range of motion of the joint can effectively increase the horizontal velocity of the center of gravity,especially the range of motion of the hip joint and the peak value of the horizontal velocity of the center of gravity,and has a significant positive correlation.