劳动力市场机制的三个阶段与累积的不平等——基于社会政策的视角

Three Stages of Labor Market Mechanism and Cumulative Inequality: From the Perspective ofSocial Policy

根据劳动力市场机制运行中的教育、就业、社会保障三个阶段的划分,从其“累积”收入不平等的角度,对2016—2022年的实证文献进行综述分析。分析结果显示,尽管我国的收入不平等状况处于持续改善中,但是近些年改善的速度趋缓,暗示我国在缩减不平等方面,正面临更大的风险和压力。此外,收入不平等也是多维度累积的结果。首先是劳动力市场机制的三个阶段的不平等的累积,其中,教育的代际固化起基础性作用;其次是行政力量和市场力量各自均造成不平等的累积,且两者的作用在此消彼长中。由此我们可以更深刻理解党中央对“我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾”的重大历史判断,以及未来相关领域的社会政策改革重点。

On the basis of establishing the three-stage division(i.e.education,employment,and social securi⁃ty)in the operation of labor market mechanism and forming the idea of continuously“cumulative”income in⁃equality,we can analyze the empirical literature from 2016 to 2022.The results of the analysis show that al⁃though China’s income inequality has been improving continuously,the rate of improvement has slowed down in recent years,which suggests that China is facing greater risks and pressures in reducing inequality.More⁃over,income inequality is also a result of multi-dimensional accumulation.The first is the accumulation of in⁃equality in the three stages of the labor market mechanism,in which the intergenerational solidification of edu⁃cation plays a fundamental role;The second is the accumulation of inequality caused respectively by administra⁃tive and market forces,of which the roles are in struggle.According to the above analysis,we can more deeply understand the Party Central Committee’s major historical view that“the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has evolved and is the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life”,as well as the focus of future social policy reforms in relevant fields.