职业教育促进个体技能学习:障碍及其消解

Vocational Education Promotes Individual Skill Learning:Obstacles and Resolutions

技能学习是一种人力资本投资行为,阻滞个体技能学习的因素主要包括技能投资与回报的时间差和不可预见性、技能投资的成本与回报不成比例、技能学习本身的复杂性阻碍学习者的技能投资等因素。一些国家通过技能学习匹配、学习成本补偿、学习过程激励、学习价值挖掘等方式,促进个体投入技能的持续学习。接受职业教育是个体技能学习的主要方式,但一些制度障碍的存在,影响了职业教育促进个体技能学习的效果,如劳动力市场体制性分割制约了技能学习的制度保障,政府耐心资本的缺失制约了个体职业教育投入的有效补偿,社会固有的文化认同制约了职业教育价值的有效挖掘,职业教育资源的地域分割制约了技能学习机会的平等获取。构建促进个体技能学习的职业教育发展环境,应破除二元劳动力市场分割对职业教育毕业生的就业屏障,优化政府投资职业教育与培训的路径和方式,促进优质职业教育资源的跨域流动和合理配置,完善职业教育与技能人才的社会话语表达。

Skill learning is a human capital investment behavior,and the factors that hinder individual skill learning mainly include the time difference and unpredictability between skill investment and return,the disproportionate cost and return of skill investment,and the complexity of skill learning that hinders learners’skill investment.A few countries promote continuous learning of individual skills through skill learning matching,learning cost compensation,learning process motivation,and learning value mining.Receiving vocational education is the main method for individuals to learn skills,but the existence of some institutional barriers affects the effectiveness of vocational education in promoting individual skill learning.For example,the institutional division of the labor market restricts the institutional guarantee of skill learning,the lack of patient capital by the government restricts effective compensation for individual vocational education investment,the inherent cultural identity of society restricts effective exploration of vocational education value,and the geographical division of vocational education resources restricts equal access to skills learning opportunities.To build a development environment for vocational education that promotes individual skill learning,it is necessary to break down the employment barrier of the dual labor market segmentation for vocational education graduates,optimize the paths and methods of government investment in vocational education and training,promote the cross-domain flow and reasonable allocation of high-quality vocational education resources,and improve the social discourse expression of vocational education and skilled talents.