基于空间句法和POI分析的城市历史街区空间利用优化研究——以北京什刹海区域为例

Study on the Space Utilization Optimization of Urban Historic Districts Based on Space Syntax and POI Analysis:A Case of Shichahai District in Beijing

城市历史街区更新是推动城市历史文化保护、促进城市健康发展的重要手段。当前城市历史街区更新采取的策略多源自感性认知,如何根据定量化分析指导更新策略是目前学者研究和探索的重要课题。文章以北京什刹海历史文化街区作为研究对象,采用空间句法与网络数据分析手段,建立拓扑模型,对街道空间进行空间句法解读,预测道路流量并利用热力地图进行校验;结合城市POI数据对历史街区空间特征与景点分布特征、商业布局进行耦合性分析并识别几类特征空间,归纳总结问题区域和潜力区域。结果表明:什刹海历史街区的街道可达性与商业网点分布基本耦合,与景点分布耦合性较差;德胜门内大街、定阜街等街道附近具有较强商业潜力,前海北沿、前海东沿、银锭桥胡同、万年胡同等街道附近存在游客流量过大的风险。针对上述街道空间提出空间改造和空间利用优化建议,为城市历史街区的改造更新和活力提升提供参考。

The renewal of urban historic districts is an important means to promote the protection of urban history and culture and the healthy development of cities.Currently,most of the strategies adopted for urban historic district renewal originate from perceptual cognition,and how to guide the renewal strategy based on quantitative analysis is an important topic for the scholars to study and explore.Taking Shichahai historical and cultural district in Beijing as the research object,this paper uses space syntax and network data analysis methods to build a topological model to interpret the space syntax of street space,to predict the road flow and to verify it with thermal map.Combined with the urban POI data,the coupling analysis is conducted on the spatial characteristics of historical districts,the distribution characteristics of scenic spots,and the layout of commercial space.The results show that the street accessibility of Shichahai historical district is basically coupled with the distribution of commercial outlets.There is a strong commercial potential nearby Deshengmen Inner Street and Dingfu Street,and there is a risk of too large tourist flow nearby Qianhai North Street,Qianhai East Street,Yindingqiao Alley and Wannian Alley,and so on.In view of the above streets,the spatial transformation,utilization and optimization suggestions are put forward to provide a reference for the renovation,renewal and vitality promotion of urban historic districts.