基于产业链金融视角的银行数字化与实体经济融资约束研究

Research on the Digitalization in Banking and Financing Constraints of the Real Economy from the Perspective of Industrial Chain Finance

银行数字化已全面进入第一阶段,随着“十四五”规划对产业链升级的部署,供应链金融的数字化亟需推动到2.0阶段,即产业链金融。本文对银行数字化解决实体经济融资困境的理论依据、实证案例进行梳理,发现银行数字化第一阶段是通过数据驱动缓解银企信息不对称问题,第二阶段是通过数据开放互联构建产业链金融,实现对海量长尾客户的金融服务。在数字化过程中,银行在某种程度上具备“互联网企业”的身份,因此业务逻辑和自我认知均需要一定程度的调整优化。本文以旅游行业为例研究产业链金融模式,研究认为产业链金融依托产业网络结构,需要充分发挥银行业金融机构资金成本低和反洗钱能力强的优势,积极介入市占率较高的互联网平台的生态网络,依托平台批量获客且完成销售回款控制;充分理解行业特性和结算周期,将信用贷款和结算融资相结合,锁定采购资金流向;借助监管部门推动数据开放互通,以实现数字化时代的合作共赢。

Digitalization in banking has entered the first stage,and with the deployment of the“14th Five-Year Plan”for industrial chain upgrading,the digitalization of supply chain fi nance needs to be promoted to the 2.0 stage,i.e.,industrial chain fi nance.In this paper,the theoretical basis and empirical cases of digitalization in banking to solve the fi nancing diffi culties of the real economy are sorted out.It is found that the fi rst stage of digitalization in banking is to alleviate the problem of information asymmetry between banks and enterprises through the data-driven model,and the second stage is to build industry chain fi nance through data-open interconnection to realize the fi nancial services to many long-tailed customers.In the process of digitalization,banks have the identity of“Internet enterprises”to a certain extent,so their business logic and self-perception need to be adjusted and optimized.Taking the tourism industry as an example,this paper studies the industrial chain fi nance’s models and fi nds that industrial chain fi nance relies on the structure of the industrial network,so we need to give full play to the advantages of banking fi nancial institutions in terms of the low cost of funds and strong anti-money laundering ability,actively intervening in the ecological network of Internet platforms with a high market share,and rely on the platforms to acquire customers in bulk and complete the control of the sales return;we should fully understand the characteristics of the industry and the settlement cycle,and combine credit lending and settlement fi nancing,to lock in the direction of the fl ow of funds for purchasing;data openness and interconnectivity need to be promoted by the regulatory authorities to realize win-win cooperation in the era of the digital economy.