牛胚胎基因组选择研究进展

Advances in Bovine Embryo Genome Selection

牛胚胎基因组选择(embryonic genome selection,EGS)是指活检牛早期胚胎中部分滋养层细胞,通过微量胚胎细胞全基因组扩增,进行遗传育种值评估,筛选出优质早期胚胎。该项技术的基本步骤是:对第6天左右的早期牛囊胚进行活检取样,利用显微切割系统切取微量滋养层细胞,随后通过微量细胞全基因组扩增(whole genomic amplification),经单核苷酸多态性(single-nucleotide polymorphism)分析后,对早期胚胎进行生产性能预测,从而筛选出基因型优良的胚胎进行移植。本文总结了EGS技术中常用的活检方法、扩增方法,并概述了该技术在牛上的应用现状与该项技术当前存在的一些问题,以期为未来EGS技术的全面发展提供参考。

Bovine embryonic genome selection(EGS)refers to screening out high-quality early embryos by biopsying the partial trophoblast cells in the early embryo and evaluating the genetic breeding value through the whole genome amplification of micro embryonic cells.The primary steps of this technique include:early bovine blastocysts around day 6 were biopsied and micro trophoblast cells were extracted using a micromanipulation system,followed by whole genomic amplification.Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis predicts the early embryo production performance,and thus selects the embryos with good genotypes for transplantation.This paper summarizes the biopsy methods and amplification methods commonly used in EGS technology,and the application status of this technology in cattle and the problems of this technology were outlined,so as to provide reference for the development of EGS technology in the future.