反刍动物妊娠期和泌乳期生理代谢和微生物变化及其对子代发育的影响研究进展

Research Progress on Physiological Metabolism and Microbial Changes of Ruminants During Gestation and Lactation and Their Effects on Offspring Development

代谢和微生物稳态对维持宿主健康至关重要。生理代谢和微生物稳态的破坏,可能是多种代谢疾病发生的重要致病因素。妊娠的特征是一系列生理、代谢和微生物的变化。因此,整个繁殖周期是母体生理代谢最敏感的时期。这期间为支持胎儿在子宫内的生存和随后泌乳的营养需求,母体激素水平、代谢状态和微生物组成均发生巨大变化。近年来,对母体繁殖周期生理代谢与微生物变化的研究取得了一些进展,提示其对维持母体成功妊娠和后续泌乳至关重要。此外,母体生理代谢与微生物变化还可能影响子代生长发育、微生物建立和免疫系统成熟。因此本文综述了反刍动物妊娠期和泌乳期生理代谢和微生物变化及其对子代生长发育、微生物定植和免疫系统的影响,以期为反刍动物妊娠期和泌乳期生理性适应以及子代发育的基本机制提供新的见解。

Metabolic and microbial homeostasis are critical for the maintenance of host health.The disruption of physiological metabolism and microbial homeostasis may be an important pathogenic factor in various metabolic disorders.The pregnancy is characterized by a series of physiologic,metabolic and microbial changes.Therefore,breeding cycles are the most sensitive periods in maternal physiology and metabolism.During this period,there are significant changes in maternal hormone levels,metabolic status,and microbial composition to fulfil the fetus’s survival in utero and the nutritional needs of subsequent lactation.In recent years,studies of physiological metabolism and microbial changes in the maternal breeding cycles have made some progress.It has been suggested that physiological metabolism and microbial changes are critical for maintaining successful pregnancy and subsequent lactation.In addition,the offspring’s growth and development,microbial colonization and immune system maturation are also susceptible to maternal physiological metabolism and microbial changes.This review summarizes the changes in ruminant physiological metabolism and microorganisms during gestation and lactation and their effects on offspring growth and development,microbial colonization,and the immune system.The aim is to provide new insights into the basic mechanisms of ruminant physiological adaptation and progeny development during gestation and lactation.