鼠李糖乳杆菌抗炎机制及其在防治家畜疾病中的应用前景

Application Prospect of Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Its Prevention and Treatment in Livestock Diseases

抗生素是目前防治家畜疾病的主要手段之一,抗生素的滥用导致了致病菌耐药性的增加,畜禽产品中抗生素残留等问题,给食品安全及疾病防治带来了巨大挑战。随着人们对兽用抗生素滥用问题认识的加深,越来越多的目光聚焦于如何找到抗生素替代品来防止细菌感染、保证食品安全。鼠李糖乳杆菌多分离于人和动物的肠道内容物、粪便和阴道中,也常在牛奶及乳制品中发现。鼠李糖乳杆菌的使用可以减少抗生素的使用量,缓解致病菌耐药性的问题,对家畜的生长和胃肠道微生物的平衡也有一定的促进作用。本文综述了鼠李糖乳杆菌调节微生物菌群平衡、维持上皮细胞完整性、增强免疫力、抑制炎症和凋亡发生、限制病原体生长和黏附的作用机制,同时阐述了鼠李糖乳杆菌在预防奶牛乳房炎、奶牛子宫内膜炎、仔猪肠胃炎和中毒等疾病上的应用。本综述旨在为鼠李糖乳杆菌作为潜在的替抗药物在家畜健康养殖中的应用提供参考。

Antibiotics are currently one of the main means of preventing and treating livestock diseases.With the abuse of antibiotics,the resistance of pathogenic bacteria has increased and antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry products have brought great challenges to food safety and disease prevention.As people’s understanding of the abuse of veterinary antibiotics,more and more attention is focused on how to find alternatives to reduce the use of antibiotics.Lactobacillus rhamnosus is mostly found in human and animal intestinal contents,stool,and vagina,also in milk and dairy products.The use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus can reduce the abuse of antibiotics,reduce the problem of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria,and also promote the growth of livestock and the balance of gastrointestinal microorganisms.The present article reviews the mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in regulating the balance of microbial flora,maintaining the integrity of epithelial cells,enhancing immunity,inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis,and inhibiting the growth and adhesion of pathogens.At the same time,the application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the prevention of dairy cow mastitis,dairy cow endometritis,piglet gastroenteritis and poisoning was described,aiming to provide reference for the application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a potential alternative drug in healthy breeding of livestock.