极简化生态模式下酿酒葡萄园碳足迹与碳储量研究

Carbon footprint and carbon storage of wine vineyard under extremely simplified ecological mode

【目的】研究极简化生态模式下酿酒葡萄园的碳足迹和碳储量,为山东蓬莱地区葡萄园生态系统的固碳能力研究提供理论依据。【方法】以极简化生态模式下山东蓬莱地区的酿酒葡萄园为研究对象,利用生命周期评价法核算贵人香、小味尔多、赤霞珠3种酿酒葡萄园农资材料上游生产环节、酿酒葡萄栽培环节和葡萄酒酿造环节的碳足迹,通过建立酿酒葡萄植株异速生长模型,计算酿酒葡萄园植株各器官的生物量,并结合有机碳含量,量化山东蓬莱葡萄产区3种葡萄园碳储量的分布特征。【结果】极简化生态模式下,山东蓬莱葡萄产区贵人香、小味尔多、赤霞珠酿酒葡萄园的碳足迹分别为3458.42,3354.62和3133.65kg/hm^(2)。在3种酿酒葡萄的整个生产活动中,燃油投入引起的碳排放最高,分别占各自生命周期总碳排放的29.94%,30.87%和33.04%;其次是电能投入引起的碳排放,分别占各自生命周期总碳排放的29.80%,25.29%和24.03%;由肥料投入引起的碳排放最低,分别占各自生命周期总碳排放的8.14%,8.79%和9.58%。经量化分析,山东蓬莱葡萄产区贵人香、小味尔多、赤霞珠酿酒葡萄园的碳储量分别为56.98,69.52和60.96t/hm^(2),其中葡萄园土壤碳储量占比为80.84%~92.09%,植株碳储量占比为4.03%~15.52%。【结论】在山东蓬莱地区酿酒葡萄的整个生产过程中,燃油和电能投入是碳排放的主要来源;酿酒葡萄园碳储量巨大,且主要分布于酿酒葡萄园的土壤中。

【Objective】The carbon footprint and carbon storage of wine vineyard under extremely simplified ecological mode were studied to provide basis for understanding carbon sequestration capacity of vineyard ecosystem in Penglai,Shandong.【Method】Wine vineyards in Penglai,Shandong under extremely simplified ecological mode were selected in this study.The carbon footprint of upstream production links,wine grape cultivation links and wine brewing links of three wine vineyards of Italian Riesling,Petit Verdot and Cabernet Sauvignon were calculated using life cycle assessment method.By establishing an allometric growth model of wine grape plants,the biomass of each organ of wine vineyard plants was calculated,and the carbon storage distribution characteristics were quantified by combining organic carbon contents.【Result】The carbon footprints of Italian Riesling,Petit Verdot and Cabernet Sauvignon under extremely simplified ecological mode were 3458.42,3354.62 and 3133.65 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The carbon emissions caused by fuel oil were the highest in production activities,accounting for 29.94%,30.87%and 33.04%of the total carbon emissions in their life cycles,respectively.Electricity input accounted for 29.80%,25.29%and 24.03%,respectively.The carbon emissions caused by fertilizer input were the lowest,accounting for 8.14%,8.79%and 9.58%,respectively.Through quantitative analysis,the carbon storages of Italian Riesling,Petit Verdot and Cabernet Sauvignon in Penglai,Shandong were 56.98,69.52 and 60.96 t/hm^(2),respectively.The proportion of soil carbon storage in vineyards was 80.84%-92.09%,and the carbon storage of plants was 4.03%-15.52%.【Conclusion】In the whole production process of wine grape,fuel oil and electricity input were the main source of carbon emissions.The carbon storage of vineyards was huge and mainly distributed in soil.