民事诉讼中专家辅助人出庭制度的现状运行与原因探寻——以56份裁判文书为研究样本

The Current Operation and Causes Exploration for The Appearance System of Expert Assistants in Civil Litigation-A Sample Study of 56 Judicial Documents

专家辅助人的立法定位是对鉴定意见和专业问题提出意见的人员。专家辅助人制度的产生有其实践正当性,是作为鉴定制度的有力补充。专家辅助人制度和鉴定制度结合能够更好地形成庭审对抗式的局面以及发现案件真实。以实证数据为支撑,探析专家辅助人制度在运行中产生的问题。当事人与法官对专家辅助人角色功能的认识缺失、诉讼结构中潜藏的对抗制与职权主义的内在张力、立法规范不明确导致专家辅助人法律地位摇摆等是专家辅助人出庭制度问题的现存困境可能的理论根源。

The legislative position of expert assistants refers to persons appearing before the court to give opinions on expert opinions and professional issues.The system of expert assistants has its practical justification as a powerful complement to the system of identification.The combination of the two can better form the trial confrontational situation and identify the case authenticity.This paper,based on empirical data,analyzes the problems arising from the operation of the expert-assisted person system.Prob-lems like the parties’and judges’understanding deficiency in the function of expert assistants,inherent tension between the hidden adversarial system in the litigation structure and the authoritarianism,and instability of expert assistants’legal status due to unclear legislative norms are behind the difficult situation of the appearance system of expert assistants.