建筑物化阶段预制构件碳效率研究

Carbon efficiency study of precast concrete components in the building materialization phase

以华南地区钢筋混凝土高层住宅建筑为研究对象,以标准层结构及粗装修部分的建材生产、运输及施工建造活动作为计算边界,选取某房企标准化图纸进行研究,建立其碳排放计算模型;研究发现,材料生产阶段碳排放占物化阶段总碳排放量的90%以上。研究对比了传统现浇建筑与不同预制构件类型参与建造的装配式建筑的碳排放结果,按照碳排放减少比率排序,预制凸窗最优(-17.9%),ALC内隔墙(-14.2%)、预制梁式楼梯(-5.4%)次之,而预制外墙(+9.5%)、预制板式楼梯(+10.6%)、叠合板(+18.5%~+20.4%)表现较差。同时研究了预制构件模具摊销次数、叠合板含钢量等因素对预制构件碳效率的影响。

This paper focuses on high-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings in the South China region.The study defines the calculation boundary using the production,transportation,and construction activities of building materials for standard floor structures and rough finishing.A standardized blueprint from a real estate company is selected for the research,and a carbon emission calculation model is established.The research reveals that carbon emissions from the material production stage account for more than 90%of the overall physical stage emissions.The study compares the carbon emissions of traditional cast-in-place construction with different types of precast components used in assembly construction.The results are ranked based on the reduction ratio of carbon emissions,with precast bay windows showing the highest efficiency(-17.9%),followed by ALC internal partition walls(-14.2%)and precast beam stairs(-5.4%).Conversely,precast exterior walls(+9.5%),precast slab stairs(+10.6%),and composite floor slab(+18.5%~+20.4%)show relatively poor performance.The article also investigates the impact of factors such as the amortization frequency of precast component molds and the reinforcement content of composite slab on the carbon efficiency of precast components.