美国住区地震避难规划建设实践对我国的借鉴

Research on settlement evacuation planning under earthquake disaster-based on american experience

住区作为日常人员密集、设施集中的城市空间单元,住区的避难能力直接关系城市防灾减灾能力,关系到居民灾时的生命财产安全与保障,当前我国住区避难体系建设仍存在研究不充分、空间类型单一、防灾设计要求不足等难点。美国广泛推动防灾社区建设,强调充分利用住区资源提升住区抗震韧性。通过对其住区避难体系研究,就防灾减灾的“就地避险、转移避难、宿住避难、恢复安置”四个阶段,进行详细全面的解析,为我国城市居住区防灾减灾体系的规划建设和防灾减灾知识的普及,住区居民的防灾减灾意识和能力的提高等方面提供了新的思路。

As an urban spatial unit with dense daily personnel and concentrated facilities,the shelter capacity of residential areas is directly related to the city’s disaster prevention and reduction capabilities,as well as the safety and security of residents’lives and property during disasters.Currently,there are still difficulties in the construction of shelter systems in residential areas in China,such as insufficient research,single spatial types,and insufficient requirements for disaster prevention design.The United States has widely promoted the construction of disaster prevention communities,emphasizing the full utilization of residential resources to enhance the seismic resilience of residential areas.Through the study of the shelter system in urban residential areas,the author provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the four stages of disaster prevention and reduction,namely“shelter in place,transfer shelter,temporary shelter,and recovery and resettlement”,which provides a new idea for the planning and construction of the disaster prevention and reduction system in urban residential areas in China,the popularization of disaster prevention and reduction knowledge,and the improvement of residents’awareness and ability of disaster prevention and reduction.