谦逊的带刺玫瑰:论玛丽安·摩尔女性诗的文学伦理学批评

A Thorny Rose of Humility:An Ethical Criticism of Marianne Moore's Female Poems

美国现代派诗人玛丽安·摩尔的女性诗歌贯穿着一条隐蔽的寻找女性作家身份的伦理线,展现了特定时代女性的主体经验和美国父权诗学主流意识形态下的伦理机制。以文学伦理批评理论为支点,分析摩尔所遭遇的伦理困境及不同阶段对伦理身份诉求所作的种种努力。指出,热衷“男性性别扮演”的家庭伦理环境和“文学是男性领地”的社会伦理环境是诗人陷入身份焦虑的伦理根源;摩尔拒绝“天使”的身份,坚信女人要“带刺”来发起反抗与自我保护,也要如同“变色龙”合理改变以适应不断变化的社会环境。摩尔晚期诗歌所彰显的谦逊与大爱是其在宏大文化语境下的自我和解,昭示出一个女诗人对个人理想、气质素养与独立自由精神追求的高度伦理指向和实践美学。

Running through Marianne Moore's poems,the American modernist,there is a consistent but hidden ethical concern("ethical line")for female identity as a writer,which reflects the individual experiences of women in her times and ethical mechanism in the mainstream patriarchy of America.Within the conceptual framework of Ethical Literary Criticism,this article,examines Moore's ethical predicament and efforts to secure ethical identity at different stages.It points out that the family ethical environment of"male role-playing"and social ethical environment of"literature-has-to-be-male"are the roots of her identity anxiety.Rejecting to be an"angle",Moore insists that women should empower themselves with"thorns"to subvert and self-protect,and they should be flexible as a"chameleon"in a changeable society.More's humility and love in her later poems is her self-reconciliation in a grand cultural context,showing a high ethical orientation and practical aesthetics of a female poet's pursuit of personal ideals,temperament,and independent and free spirit.