跨国电网开发与地缘政治建构

Transnational Power Grid Development and Geopolitical Construction

跨国电网正成为碳中和时代重要的能源输送载体,“电网政治”的显著性日益增强。长期以来,国际关系研究对跨国电网的重视不足,对其地缘政治影响的探讨较为宏观且笼统。本文根据关系理论提出,一国可以把跨国电网开发作为关系运作方式,调整国家间政治关系,进而建构特定区域的地缘政治关系。实践中至少存在三种依托跨国电网开发的关系建构类型:一是权力网络,打造一国主导的区域电网,追求关系中心性;二是安全网络,切断并替换与敌对国家的电网,追求关系安全性;三是交往网络,倡导建设跨国电网,追求关系的紧密度。跨国电网开发对地缘政治的影响是多元的,既可能促进区域和平稳定,也可能成为个别国家扩张权势、拉帮结派的工具。“一带一路”跨国电力互联是一种“去政治化”的国际合作,不承担塑造地缘政治关系的意图或任务,但我国应防范他国谋求权力网络的塑造行为,不断提升合作的开放性与包容性。

Transnational power grid is becoming an important energy carrier in the carbon-neutral era,and it can become a powerful tool for a country to shape a specific geopolitical order.According to the relational theory,this paper points out that countries can take the development of transnational power grid as a mode of relational operation,which could construct geopolitical relation in a particular region.There are at least three types of geopolitical relations constructed by transnational power grid:first,the network of political power,which creates a power grid dominated by one country and pursues the centrality of relationship;second,security network,which replaces the current power grid and pursues the security of relationship;third,communication network,which advocates new power grid construction and pursues the tightness of relationship.The impact of transnational power grid development on geopolitics is diverse,which may not only promote regional peace and stability,but also become a tool for individual countries to expand their power and court others.“Belt and Road Initiative”transnational power interconnection is a kind of“depoliticized”cooperation,which does not undertake the intention or task of shaping geopolitics,but China should guard against the aggressive behaviors of other countries,and constantly enhance the openness and inclusiveness of cooperation.