创业者时间贫困研究

A Research on Entrepreneur Time Poverty

在加班常态化趋势下,灵活的创业活动能否帮助个体摆脱时间压力?文章采用中国时间利用调查(CTUS)与中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的匹配数据,探究了创业者的时间配置方式、时间贫困的存在性、缓解机制及其对个人身心健康的影响。研究结果显示,创业者的时间配置呈现“一长三短”特征,与普通就业者相比,创业者的日均总劳动时间要多48分钟,在控制相关特征变量后,其陷入时间贫困的概率要高5.3%。因此,创业者存在时间贫困问题。机制检验结果表明,良好的营商环境、社会网络和专有人力资本能够有效缓解创业者的时间贫困问题。进一步检验发现,时间贫困会对创业者的心理和生理健康产生不利影响,给创业者福祉带来“隐性风险”。文章的研究为提高创业群体的福利保障提供了新视角,为完善创新创业环境提供了一定的理论支撑和实践方向。

Under the complex and severe domestic and international situation,industry competition is fierce and involute overtime is prevalent.More and more employees choose to start their own business to avoid the normalization of overtime,but there is no definite conclusion that entrepreneurs can get rid of the long hours of work commitment so far.In recent years,the multiplier effect of employment driven by entrepreneurship has gradually emerged,but the risks and pressures of entrepreneurship have also increased,bringing great challenges to improve the quality of entrepreneurship and enhance people’s well-being.This paper uses data from the China Time Use Survey(CTUS)and the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)to explore the time allocation pattern of entrepreneurs,the existence of time poverty,mitigation mechanisms,and their impact on personal physical and mental health at the micro level.The results show that:(1)The time allocation pattern of entrepreneurs follows the characteristic of“one long and three short”,and differs from non-entrepreneurs in terms of gender,age,education and income.(2)Entrepreneurs have a significant time poverty problem.Compared to ordinary employees,entrepreneurs have 48 minutes more total daily labor time and are 5.3%more likely to be time poverty.(3)Business environment,social network and proprietary human capital are important mitigating mechanisms for entrepreneur time poverty,but generic human capital accumulation has the opposite effect.(4)Time poverty negatively affects the subjective mental health and objective physical health of entrepreneurs,posing a“hidden risk”on improving entrepreneur well-being.This paper explains the formation and mitigation mechanisms of entrepreneur time poverty from the perspective of time allocation,and suggests that the focus of the current“dual-innovation”policy should be not only on cultivating the fertile ground for entrepreneurship,but also on the long-term well-being of the entrepreneurial community.The study proposes to improve the quality of innovation and entrepreneurship by optimizing the business environment,and building platforms for communication and skill training.The conclusions provide a new perspective for promoting the healthy growth of entrepreneurs and new ideas for optimizing the innovation and entrepreneurship environment.