孤雌胚胎干细胞在细胞移植和治疗上的应用

Applications of parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells in cell transplantation and cell therapy

研究发现,卵子孤雌激活后,从囊胚中获得孤雌胚胎干细胞(parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells, pESCs),pESCs表达多能性标志物,发生表观遗传修饰重编程。它们具有高度的分化潜能,在体内可产生畸胎瘤,在体外能形成类胚体。pESCs能分化成多种类型的细胞,已被用于细胞移植治疗研究。用pESCs分化来的成纤维细胞构建皮肤组织,移植到皮肤缺损处,能促进伤口愈合。源自pESCs的成骨细胞、成软骨细胞和肌腱细胞接种到支架上并移植到皮下后,能再生出骨、软骨和肌腱组织,从而可以为治疗这些组织的损伤提供细胞来源。pESCs分化产生的心肌细胞移植到患急性心肌梗死的宿主心脏后,可改善心脏功能。由pESCs分化的神经干细胞或神经元移植到受损大脑或患帕金森病的宿主大脑后,也能促进大脑皮层的修复,改善宿主的运动缺陷。因此,pESCs在临床上具有重要的应用和推广价值,从而为疾病的细胞移植治疗提供理论依据和临床应用策略。

Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells(pESCs)can be established from blastocysts after parthenogenetic activation of oocytes.pESCs express pluripotent markers and undergo epigenetic modification reprogramming.They have high differentiation potential,and can produce teratomas in vivo and embryoid bodies in vitro.Studies have shown that pESCs can differentiate into many types of cells and have been used in cell transplantation and cell therapy research.The fibroblasts differentiated from pESCs can be used to construct skin tissue,which can promote wound healing after being transplanted to the skin defects.Osteoblasts,chondroblasts,and tenocytes derived from pESCs can regenerate bone,cartilage,and tendon tissue after being seeded into the scaffolds and used for subcutaneous transplantation,thus providing cellular sources for the treatments of injuries of these tissues.Cardiomyocytes differentiated from pESCs can improve the cardiac function after they are transplanted into the hearts of hosts with acute myocardial infarction.Transplantation of neural stem cells or neurons derived from pESCs into the injured brains or the brains of hosts with Parkinson s disease can also promote the repair of cerebral cortex and ameliorate motor deficits of hosts.Therefore,pESCs have important clinical applications and promotion values,thus providing theoretical basis and clinical application strategy for cell transplantation and treatment of diseases.