齐泽克犬儒主义意识形态理论的内在逻辑与理论困境

The Inner Logic and Theoretical Dilemma of Žižek's Theory of Cynical Ideology

齐泽克宣称后马克思时代意识形态的主导模式已经变成了犬儒主义意识形态。他围绕“幻象与现实”的关系,通过将精神分析理论中幻象和现实的含义与马克思的意识形态理论中虚假与现实的含义交织在一起,并刻意不加区分地混用,以此建构了犬儒主义意识形态的理论框架;并进一步通过商品交换活动中人们误将商品和货币的抽象普遍性认成了真正实体,从而倒置了抽象普遍与具体特殊,以此说明犬儒主义意识形态的运作原理。最后用“律令就是律令”这一命题的自我阐明过程和将意识形态幻象与信仰类比,去解说意识形态幻象的运作方式。齐氏的论断看似是对马克思的意识形态理论的颠覆,实则并没有越出马克思意识形态理论的框架。当今社会日益增强的符号性网络的权威性作为齐泽克理论的现实依据,在本质上也并未与马克思所处的时代有根本差别。

universal and the concrete particular.Finally,he explains the operating mode of ideological illusion through the self-clarification of the proposition“law is law”and the analogy between ideological fantasy and belief.His conclusion seems to be a subversion of,yet it does not go beyond,the framework of Marx's theory of ideology.The increasing authority of symbolic networks in today's society provides the realistic basis forŽižek's theory,which is not fundamentally different from the time in which Marx lived.