互花米草入侵对乳山湾盐沼湿地大型底栖动物的影响

Effect of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on Macrobenthos at the Salt Marsh of Rushan Bay

为了解互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵对盐沼湿地大型底栖动物的生态影响,于2011年5月、2017年11月和2020年10月分别设6个、2个和3个调查断面,调查乳山湾盐沼湿地互花米草滩涂的大型底栖动物,取样深度为30 cm,按照取样时间研究其物种组成、生物量、生物多样性和功能群等群落特征的差异。结果共鉴定出大型底栖动物151种,2011年优势种是多毛类中蚓虫(Mediomastus californiensis),2020年则为小型螺类绯拟沼螺(Pseudomphala latericea)。聚类分析(Cluster analysis)和非度量多维尺度分析(Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling)发现,互花米草入侵不同年限沉积物中的大型底栖动物群落结构相似度较低。9年的时间尺度内,随着互花米草在湾内分布范围的扩大,乳山湾盐沼湿地大型底栖动物的物种多样性未产生明显变化,但种类组成与群落结构已发生变化(SIMPROF,P<0.05)。

To understand the ecological impact of Spartina alterniflora invasion on macrobenthos,6,2 and 3 survey sections were set up in May 2011,November 2017 and October 2020,respectively,with a sampling depth of 30 cm,and the macrobenthos community composition,biomass,biodiversity and functional groups were investigated according to the sampling time.A total of 151 species of macrobenthos were identified in this study,with the dominant species of the polychaete Mediomastus californiensis in 2011 and the small snail Pseudomphala latericea in 2020.Cluster analysis and Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling revealed that the macrobenthic community structure in the sediments of different years of invasion of Spartina alterniflora was less similarity.The finding indicated that the species diversity of macrobenthos in the salt marsh wetlands of Lushan Bay did not change significantly over a 9-year time scale as the distribution range of Spartina alterniflora expanded in the bay,but the species composition and community structure have changed(SIMPROF,P<0.05).