污泥中的毒品检测研究进展

Research Progress of Detecting Illicit Drugs in Sewage Sludge

毒品及其代谢物通过排泄、倾倒等方式出现在污水、污泥中,不断积累并进入生态环境。污水管道及处理厂的沉积物中积累有大量的有机物,疏水性强的毒品及其代谢物难以在污水中检出,但可在污泥中检出,故开展污泥中的毒品检测研究非常必要,不仅能够用于快速、准确监测区域内的毒品滥用形势,而且可科学评估环境固体基质中毒品及其代谢物残留对生态环境的危害。污泥采样通常使用手持式抓斗,冷冻干燥后于-20℃条件下保存。污泥样本的前处理通常采用加压流体萃取、固液萃取和固相萃取等净化方式,仪器分析方法通常采用液相色谱-串联质谱法。通过对污泥的采集方式、样品前处理方法、污水中毒品及其代谢物的分析方法进行综述,对开展污泥中毒品及其代谢物的检测及生态环境风险评估具有借鉴意义。

Illict drugs and metabolites are usually accumulated in sewage and sludge and enter the natural environment through excretion,dumping,etc.,A large number of organic compounds can be accumulated in the sediment of sewage conduit and treatment plant.Hydrophobic drugs and metabolites were difficult to be detected in the waste water matrix,but can be detected in sewage sludge.Therefore,it’s necessary to research the detection of drugs in sludge,not only for the in-time and accurate monitoring of drug abused situation in some regions,but also assisting in evaluating the harm to the environment caused by the residues of drugs and their metabolites in the solid matrix.Sludge sampling is usually carried out by hand-held grabs and stored at-20℃after freeze-drying for sample analysis.Extraction of these substances from solid matrices has been achieved with pressurized liquid extraction(PLE),solid-liquid extraction(SLE)or solid-phase extraction(SPE),etc.The analyte determination are commonly done with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).This paper reviewed the methods of sampling,sample pre-treatment and instrumental analysis for the detection of illicit drugs and metabolites in sewage sludge,providing reference for the detection of illict drugs and metabolites in sludge,as well as the risk assessment of ecological environment in the future.