车辆自动驻车器的防溜性能研究

Research on Anti-rolling Performance of Automatic Parking Brake for Trains

铁路行业一直高度重视重载铁路车辆防溜安全工作,为了避免由人员因素导致的铁路列车和车辆溜逸事故,研发了新型车辆自动驻车器,并从2020年开始在C80型重载货车上安装应用。新型车辆自动驻车器的应用,可减少防溜作业中人的参与,变车辆“被动防溜”为“主动防溜”,大幅提高车辆防溜的安全系数。通过研究车辆自动驻车器的工作原理,分析论证其防溜性能,对比车站、区间2个场景下的车辆自动驻车器、人力制动机、铁鞋所需最小数量和安全系数,分析其安全性和技术性。结果表明,安装车辆自动驻车器可突破传统防溜设备在线路上停车的局限,自动驻车器作用后闸瓦产生的制动力远超车辆下滑力,与传统防溜设备相比具有较明显的安全和技术优势。

The safe operation of heavy haul trains has always been a matter of significant concern in the railway sector.This paper presents a novel automatic parking brake to prevent rolling accidents of rolling stock caused by human factors.This product has been successfully applied on C80 heavy haul freight cars since 2020.The application of this automatic parking brake has significantly enhanced the anti-rolling safety level by reducing human intervention in anti-rolling operations and shifting“passive anti-rolling”to“proactive anti-rolling”.The paper explores the working principle of this automatic parking brake,evaluates its anti-rolling performance,and analyzes its safety and technical properties by comparing the automatic parking brake,manual brake and wheel stopper in terms of their minimum quantities and safety coefficients in scenarios of stations and sections.The results show that the application of the automatic parking brake allows trains to overcome the limitation of the traditional anti-rolling equipment stopping on the track.Furthermore,the braking force generated by the brake shoe,under the action of the automatic parking brake,surpasses the sliding force exerted by the train.This finding highlights significant safety and technological advantages compared to traditional anti-rolling mechanisms.