甘肃省小麦地方品种春化、光周期基因分布频率及冬春性分析

Distribution Frequency of Vernalization and Photoperiod Genes in Gansu Wheat Landraces and Winter Hardness Analysis

地方品种资源是小麦新品种选育的重要亲本来源,充分应用其优异性状对于育种实践具有重要意义。本研究利用分子标记检测甘肃省种质库地方品种春化(Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、VrnD1和Vrn-B3)和光周期(Ppd-D1)基因的等位变异。结果表明:(1)445份地方品种共携带6种春化基因显性等位变异,分布频率差异较大,分别为Vrn-A1a (2.5%)、Vrn-B1a (11.0%)、Vrn-B1b(1.6%)、Vrn-B1c (0.5%)、Vrn-D1 (67.4%)和Vrn-B3(0.5%);在检测材料中光周期非敏感等位变异Ppd-D1a分布频率为17.8%。(2)除Vrn-B1a+Vrn-D1外,其余显性春化基因等位变异组合的材料全部分布在春麦区;从春麦区到冬麦区,春化基因显性等位变异分布频率呈降低趋势,而隐性等位变异频率呈升高趋势;Ppd-D1a在甘肃省不同麦区均有分布,且冬麦区分布频率远高于春麦区。陇东旱塬冬麦区分布频率最高(35.6%),洮岷高寒春麦区分布频率最低(5.1%)。(3)比较基于资源目录记载的冬春性和春化基因显性等位变异推断的冬春性的一致性,发现春性和弱冬性品种的一致性较高,冬性和强冬性品种的一致性较低,从甘肃省春麦区到冬麦区,一致性逐渐降低。(4)筛选出83、119和82份地方品种,可分别在春麦区(甘肃省中西部及洮岷高寒春麦区等)、冬季较为温暖的秋播冬麦区(陇南嘉陵江上游、天水南部渭河上游等)及较为寒冷的冬麦区(如平凉、庆阳的泾河流域及天水、定西的北部等)的育种中广泛应用。研究结果为现代小麦育种中发掘利用优异地方种质资源提供参考。

Landraces are important parent sources in wheat breeding,and play vital roles in the breeding progress via introgressing elite traits.Using allele-specific markers of wheat vernalization genes Vrn-Al,Vrn-Bl,Vrn-D1,Vrn-B3 and photoperiod gene Ppd-D1,this study detected their dominant allelic variations in 445 Gansu landraces,and analyzed the relationship with winter-spring growth habits.The results showed:(1)The frequencies of the dominant alleles at the four vernalization genes were 2.5%(Vrn-Ala),11.0%(Vrn-Bla),1.6%(Vrn-B1b),0.5%(Vrn-Blc),67.4%(Vrn-D1)and 0.5%(Vrn-B3),respectively,and the frequency of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-Dla allele was 17.8%.(2)Except for Vrn-Bla+Vrn-Dl,different combinations of dominant alleles were detected in landraces collected from spring wheat regions.The frequency distribution of dominant vernalization alleles decreased gradually from spring wheat to winter wheat regions,whereas all recessive allele composition at Vrnl and Vrn-B3 loci increased constantly.The Ppd-Dla was detected in Gansu landrace germplasm from different wheat regions,and its frequency in winter wheat region was much higher than that in spring wheat region.The highest frequency(35.6%)was observed in Longdong dry land winter wheat area,and the lowest(5.1%)was detected in Taomin high and cold spring wheat region.(3)Through comparing the genotyping results with the historic phenotype recorded from wheat resource catalogue of Gansu Landrace,a lower coincidence was observed in winter/strong winter landraces than that in spring/mild winter wheat,and the coincidence decreased gradually for the landraces from the spring wheat to winter wheat regions.(4)Eighty-three spring wheat,119 mild winter wheat and 82 winter wheat were identified,which can be applied in spring wheat region(Central and western Gansu province,high and cold Taomin spring wheat area)and autumn-planting winter wheat regions with warmer(Longnan Jialing River Upstream and Upper Wei River in Southern Tianshui)and colder winter region(Pingliang,Qingyang Jing River basin,North of Dingxi and Tianshui),respectively.In conclusion,this study provided a reference for mining excellent traits of landrace varieties in modern wheat breeding.